“When the posterior cricoarytenoids contract the arytenoid cartilages are separated, and the space between
the vocal folds is large.
This space is called the glottis. In breathing the glottis is open.
The posterior
cricoarytenoids are the chief abductory muscles.
The interarytenoid muscles on the other hand are adductory.
When they contract the apexes of the
arytenoids are drawn together.”
“The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles bring the vocal processes toward midline.
Here is what happens when
they work alone. We see that the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles exert a leverage so that the vocal processes
are pressed together.
We shall call this medial compression.
But to close the glottis completely we must contract both the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles and the
interarytenoid muscles.”
“When the thryroarytenoid muscles contract they reduce the distance between the angle of the thyroid and
the arytenoid cartilages, and the vocal ligaments are slackened.
On the other hand, when the thyroid moves forward away from the arytenoids the vocal folds are stretched.
It is the cricothryroid muscles that do this. This action stretches the vocal folds.
We will shall it longitudinal tension.
We might expect longitudinal tension to close the glottis, but instead there appears a
narrow opening even though the interarytenoid muscles are contracting.
Adequate medial compression will
close this chink.”
(The final clip shows the positioning of the arytenoids by means of actions of posterior cricoarytenoid,
lateral cricoarytenoid and interarytenoid from a slightly different perspective. It is actually roughly the view
that would be seen in a laryngeal mirror, but looks unusual because the thyroid has been removed from the
specimen.)
“We observe the movements of the arytenoids as each pair of muscles contracts and exerts its pull.
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles separate the arytenoids with a rocking motion,
and the interarytenoids
draw them together again with a rocking and upward gliding movement so that the apexes meet.
The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles do this: rocking and gliding.
The gliding movement may have a rotating
component around the upper or lower corners of the cricoid facet.
We note that the muscular processes are drawn forward, and the vocal processes contact each other.
When both the laterals and the interarytenoids contract there is firm contact between the arytenoid cartilages,
like this.”